In some cases, people who have mono get secondary infections such as strep throat , sinus infections , or tonsillitis. In rare cases, some people may develop the following complications:. You should wait at least 1 month before doing any vigorous activities, lifting heavy objects, or playing contact sports to avoid rupturing your spleen, which may be swollen from the infection.
A ruptured spleen in people who have mono is rare, but it is a life-threatening emergency. Call your doctor immediately if you have mono and experience a sharp, sudden pain in the upper left part of your abdomen. Hepatitis liver inflammation or jaundice yellowing of the skin and eyes may occasionally occur in people who have mono.
Mono symptoms like fatigue, fever, and a sore throat usually last for a few weeks. In rare cases, the symptoms can flare up months or even years later. EBV, which usually is what causes a mono infection, remains in your body for the rest of your life. It occurs less commonly in adults over the age of Older adults with mono will usually have a fever but may not have other symptoms such as a sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, or an enlarged spleen.
Children can become infected with mono by sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses, or by being near an infected person who coughs or sneezes.
Because children may only have mild symptoms, such as a sore throat, a mono infection may go undiagnosed. Children who are diagnosed with mono can usually continue to attend school or day care. They may need to avoid some physical activities while they recover. Children with mono should wash their hands frequently, especially after sneezing or coughing. Learn more about the mono symptoms in children. Most people are infected with EBV early in life.
As with older children, toddlers can become infected with mono by sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses. They can also become infected by putting toys in their mouths that have been in the mouths of other children with mono.
Toddlers with mono rarely have any symptoms. If they do have a fever and sore throat, it may be mistaken for a cold or the flu. If your doctor suspects your toddler has mono, they will probably recommend that you make sure your child gets rest and plenty of fluids.
Get a better understanding of the risk of mono relapse. Most people have mono only once. In rare cases, the symptoms can recur due to a reactivation of EBV. This is a serious condition in which the mono symptoms persist longer than 6 months. Mono is almost impossible to prevent. This is because healthy people who have been infected with EBV in the past can carry and spread the infection periodically for the rest of their lives. Almost all adults have been infected with EBV and have built up antibodies to fight the infection.
In some teens, though, the tiredness and weakness can last for months. When you start feeling better, take it slow and don't overdo it. Although you can return to school after your fever is gone, you may still feel tired. Your body will tell you when it's time to rest — listen to it. By taking good care of yourself and resting as much as you need to, you will soon be back to normal, usually within a few weeks. There is no vaccine to protect against the Epstein-Barr virus. But you can help protect yourself by avoiding close contact with anyone who has it.
If you have mono, don't share the virus with your friends and family as you recover. Wash your hands well and often, sneeze or cough into a tissue or your elbow not your hands , and keep your drinks and eating utensils to yourself. This is one time when your friends and family will thank you for being selfish. Mono can make the spleen swell for a few weeks or longer.
An enlarged spleen can rupture, causing pain and bleeding inside the belly, and needs emergency surgery. Wellness Library.
Mononucleosis Mono. Spleen Swollen lymph nodes swollen glands. Topic Overview What is mononucleosis? What causes mono? What are the symptoms? How is mono diagnosed? How is it treated? Get plenty of rest. You need bed rest until you feel well enough to be up. This could keep you away from school or work for a little while. Gargle with salt water or use throat lozenges to soothe your sore throat. This is okay for children as long as they are old enough. Take acetaminophen such as Tylenol or ibuprofen such as Advil to reduce fever and relieve a sore throat and headaches.
Never give aspirin to someone younger than age 20 years, because it can cause Reye syndrome , a serious illness. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. Avoid contact sports and heavy lifting. Your spleen may be enlarged, and an impact or straining could cause it to burst. EBV lives and grows in the nose and throat. Any fluid that comes from these parts of the body, including saliva, tears, or mucus, can be infected with the virus. The virus EBV is spread when people come in contact with infected fluids.
EBV can be spread through intimate contact or sharing of saliva. A brief kiss on the lips is not likely to spread EBV. It is spread when saliva from an infected person gets into another person's mouth.
You can get EBV if you share a drinking glass or eating utensils with an infected person through sharing saliva. In rare cases, someone can get an infection after receiving blood from a person who is infected with EBV. Most people get infected with EBV at some point in their lives but never get mono symptoms. EBV "sleeps" is dormant in the body.
It can become active from time to time and spread to others. When it reactivates, most people do not have symptoms. Many healthy people carry the virus and spread it every now and then throughout their lives. Contagious and incubation period You can pass the Epstein-Barr virus EBV to others for several weeks or months during and after the time you are first infected with EBV.
The virus can also become active and spread to others from time to time throughout your life. There is a small risk of spreading EBV through blood products. It takes 4 to 6 weeks for symptoms to develop after you come in contact with EBV. This is called the incubation period. Sore throat, often with white patches on the tonsils which may look like strep throat. Swollen lymph nodes all over the body, especially the lymph nodes in the neck.
Swollen tonsils. Headache or body aches. Fatigue and a lack of energy. Loss of appetite. Pain in the upper left part of the abdomen, which may mean that the spleen has become enlarged. What Happens What Happens Usually mono is a mild illness that goes away without treatment after several weeks.
A sore throat is worst during the first 3 to 5 days and gradually improves over the next 7 to 10 days. Fever may last 10 to 14 days. Usually it is mild during the last 5 to 7 days. If you have a fever, you should stay home from work or school until the fever goes away. You can then go back to your normal activities if you feel up to it. Swollen lymph nodes sometimes called swollen glands may last up to 4 weeks.
It may take several weeks even months for your energy level to return to normal. Don't try to rush this process. Pushing yourself too hard could make you feel worse. Give your body the rest it needs.
You are at increased risk of getting mono if you: Are age 15 to 24, especially if you are in close contact with many people. Airway obstruction and difficulty breathing, which may be caused by severely swollen tonsils that block the throat.
Corticosteroids may be given to reduce swelling. In severe cases, the tonsils may need to be removed surgically tonsillectomy. Brain and spinal cord problems. Cardiac problems, such as irregular heart rhythms, which can occur during the first 3 weeks of mono. These types of problems usually resolve on their own.
Even if you have a complication of mono, it is likely that you will recover completely. Related Information Mononucleosis Mono. Infections: Viral and rickettsial.
In WW Hay Jr et al. New York: McGraw-Hill. American Academy of Pediatrics
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